LiFi Boom

Li-Fi is a Visible Light Communications (VLC) system running wireless communications travelling at very high speeds. Li-Fi uses common household

LED (light emitting diodes) light bulbs to enable data transfer, boasting speeds of up to 224 gigabits per second. While the light fidelity technology is still in its early phases, it’s shown tremendous potential. The global market is projected to expand to $115 billion by 2022 and could conceivably replace Wi-Fi.

Li-Fi Harnesses the Power of Visible Light Instead of Radio Waves Used by Wi-Fi

Although you can’t see them, waves are transmitted from our devices, carrying bits of data that allow us to surf the Internet. They communicate with towers called cellular radio masts, which you might see disguised as palm trees. There are approximately 1.4 million cellular radiomasts worldwide, according to the founder of LiFi, Harald Haas.

Li-Fi replaces this bulky infrastructure, with a elegant, illuminating solution. It depends on LED lights that send data over visible light via pulses that the human eye can’t detect. On the electromagnetic spectrum, which measures the frequency of radiation, the spectrum of visible light is 10,000 times as big as that of radio-waves says Haas. Using light could eliminate the expenses resulting from the limited range of radio waves.

`Light has created us, has created life, has created all the stuff of life. So it’s inherently safe to use. And wouldn’t it be great to use that for wireless communications?` said Haas.

HOW IT WORKS?

Li-Fi not only requires LED light bulbs to transmit data, but also a receiver that can interpret that data. In January it was reported that Apple had referenced Li-Fi capabilities in versions of the iPhone, iOS 9.1 and up. Visible light communication has also been used in a grocery store in Northern France to track the location of customers with their consent. This provides invaluable data to marketers, who can offer coupons and other incentives based on shopping habits.

However, Li-Fi has much bigger applications than simply as a geo-location tool. Incorporating LiFi into the 14 billion existing light bulbs could provide more accessible and secure internet service, says Haas. Haas has proposed retrofitting the existing Internet framework to support Li-Fi bulbs. To that end, he created the company pureLiFi, which provides internet at speeds of first generation WiFi.

PureLiFi has partnered with LED light maker Lucibel to develop the technology. The France-based company heralded the applications of LiFi for the Internet of Things, a network of devices that communicate with each other. Their first industrialized LiFi product, the LiFi luminaire, launched in September. Real estate development company Nexity was the first end user of the LiFi technology. Microsoft will also be using the technology at its innovation center in Issy-les-Moulineaux.

LiFi is Virtually Hack-Proof

Because light can’t penetrate through walls, it’s very difficult to tap sensitive data transmittedthrough LiFi. It’s not uncommon for criminals to steal personal information from unsuspecting Internet users at a local cafe. Even password protected WiFi can be hacked, allowing criminals to see what web pages you visit and links you click on. That said, LiFi offers a more secure alternative to WiFi because available data can be confined to a room.Of course, there’s a trade-off between convenience and security. However, smart architecture would allow light to follow a user, according to Forbes. Scientists are also working on technology to make Li-Fi work in the dark. Dartmouth University researchers discovered that dim LEDs would be able to send pulses undetectable by the human eye.

Mosquito free Antarctica

Mosquitoes have be deviled humans for centuries, spreading disease and death to millions. Today, the latest plague they bring is the Zika virus.

Mosquitoes are perhaps the most dangerous animals in the world.   It threatens half of the world's population and causes billions of dollars in lost productivity annually. Other mosquito-borne diseases include dengue fever, yellow fever, and encephalitis. There are more than 2,500 species of mosquito, and mosquitoes are found in every region of the world except Antarctica.    

They bite and buzz and suck your blood. If you hate them, you can move indoors for a temporary escape, but if you really hate mosquitoes, you'll have to move — and we mean really far away.

There are only two places in the world that are completely and utterly mosquito-free: Antarctica and Iceland.

The conditions in Antarctica are just too harsh for the annoying pests to survive, says David Denlinger, distinguished university professor in entomology, evolution, ecology and organismal biology at Ohio State University.

Denlinger has traveled to Antarctica several times to study Belgica antarctica, a biting midge that is the only insect native to the continent.

`They're closely related to mosquitoes. In fact, they look like little wingless mosquitoes. But they don’t bite or do anything like that,` says Denlinger.

`It's a hardly little creature that lives encased in ice most of the year ... They have some pretty fancy mechanisms to survive the low temperatures.`

Mosquitoes don't have those fancy mechanisms, so they can't survive the extreme temperatures.

Unfortunately, no one really lives in Antarctica, considered on average the coldest, driest and windiest continent on Earth. Instead of permanent residents, there are thousands of people who spend a few weeks or months atresearch stations studying everything from the weather to the midges.

Iceland is very nice

There are glaciers, and also waterfalls. But  no mosquitoes ... yet in Iceland

If you'd like to go somewhere a little more people-friendly, consider Iceland. You may run into some biting midges there, but no mosquitoes.

You may not want to consider it a long-term plan, however. Some scientists and entomologists are surprised mosquitoes have not taken up residence there.

`It is very strange. People have mentioned various possible explanations, for example that Iceland has an oceanic climate and that they don’t thrive in it, but that’s nonsense,` entomologist Erling Olafsson commented to ruv.is, a site managed by the Icelandic National Broadcasting Service. Olafsson said it's likely a chemical composition of water and ground that keeps the bugs at bay. Olafsson guesses that mosquitoes could be carried to the country with airplanes or the wind.