animals dreamed the way we do

Animals seem to dream, and studies show that animals' brains follow the same series of sleeping states as ours do, this is the researchers know what animals are dreaming about.Animals have complex dreams and are able to retain and recall long sequences of events while they are asleep, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)researchers report. `No one knew for certain that animals dreamed the way we do, which can involve replaying events or at least components of events that occurred while we were awake,`said Matthew Wilson of MIT's Center for Learning and Memory. `We looked at the firing patterns of a collection of individual cells to determine the content of rats' dreams. We know that they are in fact dreaming and their dreams are connected to actual experiences.`Wilson says that this new ability to eavesdrop on the sleeping brain provides a basis for analyzing the content of dream states. It could be a valuable tool in treating memory disorders such as amnesia or Alzheimer's disease, or it may help devise ways for people to learn and memorize more effectively.Why do animals dream about one experience and not another?This also raises questions about long-held assumptions about animals' thought processes. Only a handful of species — among them chimps and dolphins — were thought to have any ability at all to recall and evaluate detailed sequences of events after they occurred. Wilson points out that `dreams are the ultimate off-line experience. This work demonstrates that animals are capable of re-evaluating their experiences when they are not in the midst of them.`

Sun Starfish

Starfish or sea stars are star-shaped echinoderms belonging to the class Asteroidea. Common usage frequently finds these names being also applied to ophiuroids, which are correctly referred to as brittle stars or "basket stars". sea stars have an eye spot at the end of each arm. While they can't see as well as we do. The five-armed varieties of sea star are the most well known, not all sea stars have 5 arms. Some have many more. Take the sun star for instance, which has up to 40 arms!  This is a very simple eye that looks like a red spot. The eye doesn't see much detail, but can sense light and dark. The heart beats about six times a minute and is at the apex of a vertical channel (the axial vessel) that connects the three rings. Speaking of prey, sea stars have a rather unique way of eating theirs. A sea star's mouth is on its underside. They prey on bivalves like mussels and clams, as well as small fish, snails, and barnacles.Instead of blood, sea stars have a water vascular system, in which the sea star pumps sea water through its sieve plate, or madreporite, into its tube feet to extend them. Muscles within the tube feet retract them.This starfish have five-point radial symmetry, which means that their body plan has five sections (or multiples thereof) arranged around a central disk.They are not fish. They do not have gills, scales, or fins like fish do and they move quite differently from fish. While fish propel themselves with their tails, sea stars have tiny tube feet to help them move along.There are about 2,000 species of sea stars. Some live in the intertidal zone, some in deep water, some in tropical areas, some in cold water. Muscles within the tube feet retract them. Many starfish wear striking colors that camouflage them or scare off potential attackers. They use color, pattern and texture to camouflage on sand, coral, rocks and the ocean floor. Some starfish also have the ability to change colors to camouflage themselves from other enemies.

world's first news-reading robot

People really wondering it was a real news reader. She also twitched their eye brows, blinked and swayed her head from side-to-side.just as you’d expect with real newscasters. However, she also delivered it without much facial movement, leaving her looking like a ventriloquist without a dummy. As for her body movements, it seemed as if she might’ve put her back out shortly before delivering the bulletin. Robot-powered news readers have been unveiled by scientists in Japan.'kodomo' meaning child and android - delivered news to viewers in Tokyo. The unveiling in Japan recently of the first ever news-reading android. Actually, having seen the robot in action, there really is no need for any quaking. Kodomoroid (‘Childroid’) was shown off at Tokyo’s National Museum of Emerging Science and Innovation as part of an exhibition examining the relationship between robots and humans. Together with another android called Otonaroid (‘Adultroid’), the pair were shown off by Professor Hiroshi Ishiguro, director of the Intelligent Robotics Laboratory at the Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering Science. His moving mannequin could pull more than 60 different facial expressions. While at the museum, Kodomoroid and Otonaroid will also interact with visitors to help Ishiguro gather data for a study looking at how humans deal with and respond to robots. In the demonstration, the newsreading android - which scientists claim is the world's first - spoke smoothly and moved her lips in time to a voice-over.The Osaka professor has been developing androids for the last 20 years and is keen to see the technology used in a wider range of roles in the future. 

SAR

Choosing a smartphone, and then we focus on its technical and cost characteristics. And hardly anyone pays attention to the fact, what level of radiation has a particular model. World found some harmless modern smartphones.

Radiation level of mobile devices are usually denoted acronym SAR. SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) – is the specific absorption coefficient of the human body of electromagnetic radiation emitted by mobile phone. SAR is the unit of measurement of watts / kilogram. To mobile phone received a certificate of conformity of an organization, depending on the country of production, it must meet certain standards. In the U.S., certification by Federal Communications Commission and Communications (FCC), in Canada this procedure by the Ministry of Industry (IC). These countries have adopted the norm value up to 1.6 W / kg per 1 gram of tissue mass. In countries outside the European Union, the rate of SAR is 2 W / kg, but the calculation is made on 10 grams of tissue.

lowest level of radiation

Typically, parameter SAR neglected. Shops and online sites in the description of a particular model indicate all options except this one. And all because of that finding, what level of SAR, is not so simple. So, if the models of Samsung and Nokia easier (their SAR can be found on the official website or through the technical support service), other manufacturers specify this option only in the manual, which is issued when buying a smartphone. Having dealt with the fact that a SAR, as it is measured, and that affects its level, we wanted to find out which one on the market today is the apparatus `harmless` and compiled a rating.

The first hand-held cell phone was demonstrated by John F. Mitchell and Dr. Martin Cooper of Motorola in 1973, using a handset weighing around 4.4 pounds (2 kg). In 1983, the DynaTAC 8000x was the first to be commercially available. From 1983 to 2014, worldwide mobile phone subscriptions grew from zero to over 7 billion, penetrating 100% of the global population and reaching the bottom of the economic pyramid. In 2014, the top cell phone manufacturers were Samsung, Nokia, Apple, and LG and Sony.