Aerial Refueling

Aeroplane or Airplane is a powered fixed-wing aircraft that is propelled forward by thrust from a jet engine or propeller. Airplanes come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and wing configurations. The broad spectrum of uses for airplanes includes recreation, transportation of goods and people, military, and research. The Wright brothers flights in 1903 are recognized by the Federation Aeronautique Internationale (FAI), the standard setting and record-keeping body for aeronautics, as `The first sustained and controlled heavier-than-air powered flight`. By 1905, The Wright Flyer III was capable of fully controllable, stable flight for substantial periods. The Wright brothers credited Otto Lilienthal as a major inspiration for their decision to pursue manned flight.

Obviously flights can fly with some energy, like fuel. Aviation fuel is a specialized type of petroleum-based fuel used to power aircraft. It is generally of a higher quality than fuels used in less critical applications, such as heating or road transport, and often contains additives to reduce the risk of icing or explosion due to high temperature, among other properties. Aviation fuel is often dispensed from a tanker or bowser, which is driven up to parked aircraft and helicopters. Some airports have pumps similar to filling stations to which aircraft must taxi. Some airports have permanent piping to parking areas for large aircraft. Aviation fuel is transferred to an aircraft via one of two methods, overwing or underwing. Overwing fueling is used on smaller planes, helicopters, and all piston-engine aircraft. Overwing fueling is similar to car fueling — one or more fuel ports are opened and fuel is pumped in with a conventional pump. Underwing fueling, also called single-point refueling or pressure refueling where not dependent on gravity, is used on larger aircraft and for jet fuel exclusively.

Aerial refueling/Air refueling also possible. In-flight refueling (IFR), air-to-air refueling (AAR) or tanking, is the process of transferring fuel from one aircraft (the tanker) to another (the receiver) during flight.

At present, there are three tanker aircraft and several receiving aircraft capable of in-air refuelling.

When flying one of these aircraft in the default scenery area, one can locate the tanker aircraft using air-air TACAN and/or radar and then receive a full or partial load of fuel by flying in close formation behind the tanker. Refuelling is also possible between aircraft in a multiplayer session. It is not possible to control the boom/hose position yet; they are always operatable when the tankers are air-born.

Turn to an appropriate heading, guided by the TACAN bearing and look for the tanker on the radar or nav screen. Around 5nm away, we should reduce our speed to around 20kts faster than the tanker (these fly at 280 kts TAS). The KC-135 will be visible from about 10nm, the KA6-D, being smaller, just over 1 nm. Use airbrakes to keep control of our speed should we find ourself overshooting. Close to within 50ft of the tanker (do not get too close, or visual artifacts might hide the boom from view). we should see indication in the cockpit that you are receiving fuel (there is a green light in the A4 fuel gauge, as well as a green light on the right side of the T-38's panel), and we should see the indicated tank load increase. Getting to this stage is not necessarily easy - it can take a lot of  practice. As with carrier landings, this is not an easy manoeuver in real life either and there are additional complications in the sim. The tanker, being an AI model, is unaffected by the wind and flies TAS (True Air Speed), while we are flying IAS (Indicated Air Speed) and are affected by the environment. As in real life, our aircraft will also steadily increase in weight as the tanks fill which will affect the trim of the aircraft. We  might find it helpful to use the autothrottle to help control our speed. Once our tanks are full, or we have taken  as  much fuel as our wish, close the throttle a little, back away from the tanker and continue our intended flight.

Movable Buildings

Building Science is advancing all the time. Because of  new construction materials and new building methods that are being introduced  every  year, the building science experts have to keep up and help out designers with effective  means of  building  new construction. Making sure the occupants are healthy and safe from  polluted air and making sure they are comfortable are their number one priorities. The relationships to electrical and mechanical systems of building science, including the building envelope, indoor air, moisture dynamics, ventilation, and thermal  insulation  have to be taken  seriously. It is becoming clear that building designers must have some knowledge of  building  science and the performance of the building enclosure in order to design better building enclosures and better buildings. In this sense prefab construction is most attractive method. Prefabricated  building is a type of  building  that  consists  of  several  factory-built  components or units that are  assembled on-site to complete the unit.

Prefabricated construction

Buildings have been built in one place and reassembled in another throughout history. Possibly the first advertised  prefab  house was the Manning Portable Cottage. A London carpenter, Henry Manning, constructed a house that was built in components, then shipped and assembled by British emigrants. A few still stand in Australia (South Australian Record, 1837). One such  is the Friends  Meeting  House, Adelaide. The peak year for the importation of portable buildings to Australia was 1853, when  several  hundred  arrived. These have been identified as coming from Liverpool, Boston and Singapore (with Chinese instructions for  re-assembly). In Barbados the Chattel  house  was a form of  prefabricated  building  which  was developed  by emancipated slaves who had  limited  rights to build  up on  land  they did not own.  As the buildings were moveable they were legally regarded as chattels.

They're a 21st century super power with super computers and a super economy that's the envy of the world.,China can claim  another  title - the fastest builders on the planet after putting up a 30-storey  183,000-square-foot  hotel  in  just  360 hours(15 days). A construction crew in the south-central Chinese city of Changsha completed this remarkable  achievement with no injuries to any worker.

Pre-fabricated construction is not entirely new to the Indian  construction  space. Office and commercial buildings have been using prefab wall panels, ceiling panels, plasterboards and flooring systems to create interiors of offices and  other  places  such  as  hospitals. 10-storey prefab building built in 48 hours  in Mohali. Over 200 skilled workers, technicians, engineers and equipment were engaged in the building construction. This was first one in India. In this row Banglore  marked the feet next.

Buying  a  ready-made  modular  kitchen or  bathroom  is  now  par  for  the course for  a  number  of  Indians. But  what  if  you could  go to a store, buy a house and get  it  assembled  on  your  plot? With  pre-fabricated, or prefab, technology becoming popular, this might become a reality in a few years.

Low Price-Long life

Prefab technologies can be used to build homes quickly and cost-effectively, especially as traditional construction  costs continue to rise. As the cost of  borrowing  is  steep and developers are facing a liquidity crunch, time means money. Modular construction is faster and adds to the revenue stream of  builders.

Prefab  technology  involves  use of  factory-manufactured components in buildings. Some commonly used prefab  materials  include  steel  frames  for structures, panels made of wood, cement, gypsum and other materials for  floors, walls and ceilings, factory-made doors, windows and ventilators.

In large  construction  projects, various  modules of the structure are cast off-site  in  factories and then assembled  on  the site. In  the  process, prefab materials such as wall and terrace blocks, wall panels, steel frames  and  plaster  boards  are used along with innovations such as the dry-wall technique. In prefab technology, the entire building can be designed  using  architecture  software. Later, components such as steel frames, wall and ceiling  panels  and  floor tiles  can  be custom-made. The components are then brought to the construction  site and the structure is assembled on-site. Houses using steel frames for structure can  have multiple stories without  pillars, beams  and concrete. Alternatively, the main structure and outer walls can be constructed  using the  conventional  techniques  and  inside partitioning and  interiors done with prefab materials.

Pre-fabricated  concrete  panels  as shear  walls and roof  slabs, which are assembled like Lego blocks. Apart from prefab panels, complete kitchen and bathroom units are also being assembled as separate units with complete electrical and plumbing  systems. These kitchen  and  bathroom  pods are then fit  into place.

Prefab  construction  reduces construction  time and improves the quality of the building. Though  prefab materials are 15-20% expensive  than  the  traditional  ones,  higher efficiency and  less wastage  and  labour costs  can  bring down the overall cost substantially for large buildings. They also eliminate the need for auxiliary  activities  such as  plastering, electrical wiring and plumbing as these are done at the casting stage itself.  Buildings  constructed  using  prefab technologies  have a life span of  30-50 years, equivalent to the life span of structures using conventional methods.

Easily Change The Structure

Using  prefab materials  in buildings also gives flexibility in terms of expansion and  modifications. Most of these  buildings  are  modular  with  independent  blocks  that  can  be added  or  removed. Computer-aided design  and  certain  materials  produce  structures  which  can be  easily  assembled  and  dismantled  a  number of  times without  damage.  Additionally, changes  in  the  structure  can  be  made on-site  in a short span of time.  Prefab  panels and  boards  are  eight-ten times  lighter  than  brick-and-mortar  walls. This reduces the load  on  the structure, which lowers the building cost. The use of prefab materials gives the option of customising buildings for specific needs such as fire and water  resistance and sound-proofing.  Most of the demand  for  prefab materials is from large developers and  for  commercial  spaces such as offices. Use by individuals  for  their  homes is yet to gain  popularity. prefab  construction  techniques, quite  common  in developed  countries, will become popular in India too.The use of  pre-fabricated  materials  and  methods  is on  the  rise in the US as the construction  industry has begun to adapt to changing  market conditions, new  materials  and  methodologies.  The prefab buidings are attractive, comfortable, affordable, and healthy and zero-carbon and also can withstand magnitude of 8.5 earthquake and strong winds.

Finland Moving Building

The World’s First Truly Mobile Apartment Building is Completed in Finland  Moving  Building. A Finnish architecture  group  has  just  built  and  successfully  installed  the  world's  first  mobile  apartment  building. The 3-story, steel-framed building  is  a whopping 108 feet  long, 40 feet high and weighs a total of 485,017 pounds. It was completely assembled. Finnish  architecture has just built and successfully installed this and assembled in a shipyard  warehouse  and  successfully  moved  en masse to a water front location in Turku, Finland earlier this month. NEAPO, the company that built and moved the building, is an architecture and construction  company  that  has roots  in the ship building  industry, so it's no wonder they are so good at moving large steel objects.

HUMAN EXISTENSE WITH MUSIC

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Music is a vital part of human existence, it is used to express people’s thoughts and feelings about themselves and the world around them. Can you imagine watching a movie or attending a wedding without music to enhance the drama and create a vibrant effect? Music is everywhere; it is heard on television, radio, and movies as well as in ceremonies and church services. In fact, music is often used to teach language and culture because songs encode cultural meanings and world views. In essence, songs tell thousands of human stories, and it is difficult to imagine a culture without music.

Lift people’s moods

Listening to and performing music involves nearly every region of the brain and almost every neural subsystem, so a rich environment for learning is provided. Many regions of the brain are triggered when listening to music. The brain stem, cerebellum, and cochlear nuclei are the areas at the base of the brain that become activated when first listening to music. Then auditory cortices on both sides of the brain process various sounds. When listening to music one is familiar with, the hippocampus or memory center is triggered. Tapping with the music either outwardly or inside one’s head relies upon the timing found in the cerebellum. Performing music as a singer, conductor, or instrumentalist involves the frontal lobes which are responsible for planning movements. In addition, two other parts of the brain are activated during performance. These include the motor cortex in the back of the frontal lobe and the sensory cortex which tells if one pressed the correct key on the instrument. When reading music, the visual cortex in the back of the head is triggered. Recalling or listening to lyrics involves language centers in the frontal and temporal lobes, the latter being responsible for hearing and memory. The emotions experienced in listening to and performing music originate in the limbic system which controls emotions. In particular, the network found in the mesolimbic system, which is involved in arousal and pleasure, transmits opioids and produces dopamine, a chemical that is associated with a positive mood. This is the reason music has been known to help lift people’s moods when they feel down.

Starts at womb

It is interesting that the initial start of language production in babies involves babbling sounds which have small elements of melodic contour. Research has shown that babies respond to both music and language in the womb, indicating that auditory memory and sound discrimination occurs before birth. Dr. Alfred Tomatis used fiber optic cameras to observe babies in utero. He discovered that they moved a specific muscle, such as an arm or leg, each time they heard a particular phoneme. Tomatis’ discovery suggests the importance of combining sensory input with action for learning to occur. Thus, the sensory-motor response of the babies to phonemes allows them to begin the process of learning language in the womb. Dr. Tomatis also observed that by twenty-four weeks the baby blinked its eyes upon hearing music and moved as if dancing to the beat. These results suggest that sound perception and its analysis could be one of the first processes to develop. Likewise, Gardner believes that the musical intelligence is one of the first to be developed in children. Thus, it may be beneficial for mothers to start singing and speaking to their babies in utero to help create the best opportunities for the development of language and music. Perhaps this is why Towell quoted Plato who said, “Music is a more potent instrument than any other for education and children should be taught music before anything else”. Music and Motivation Music can be extremely beneficial for children who are hard to reach because they do not learn through traditional teaching methods. Some teachers have used musical intelligence in their lessons in an effort to address different learning styles. For example, teachers might use math raps and songs to help students learn states and capitals as well as memorize their multiplication facts. The alphabet is even learned through song.

Famous Quotes

“If music be the food of love, play on, Give me excess of it; that surfeiting, The appetite may sicken, and so die.” ― William Shakespeare

“If I were not a physicist, I would probably be a musician. I often think in music. I live my daydreams in 

music. I see my life in terms of music.” ― Albert Einstein

“Music gives a soul to the universe, wings to the mind, flight to the imagination and life to everything.” 

― Plato

“To live is to be musical, starting with the blood dancing in your veins. Everything living has a rhythm. Do you feel your music?” ― Michael Jackson

Gandhiji`s Angerness

No one in the world would be with out angerness. It is just one of the inbuilt characteristics. Of course angry men are great philosophers and genius persons as they think about their disputes and they creatively find ways to undermine the other person. But they do not express it in the form of oral attack or  going through the physical fight. Many people in the world know about `Mahatma Gandhi`, He was a good man and a  great leader. But he had little bit of of anger. When he gets angry on any issue,he simply keeps mum. The silence reflects his angry mood. At that moment Gandhiji doesn't even speak a single word. He just puts up his opinion on the paper and gives it to the followers and leaders. Gandhiji`s anger was channeled towards something that helped society.

Bapuji Said..:

"Anger is like electricity. It's a wonderful source of energy, but it can be very dangerous and destructive,"

*“It is not that I do not get angry. I don't give vent to my anger. I cultivate the quality of patience as angerlessness, and generally speaking, I succeed. But I only control my anger when it comes. How I find it possible to control it would be a useless question, for it is a habit that everyone must cultivate and must succeed in forming by constant practice.”

*“Be the change that you wish to see in the world.”

*“Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live forever.”

*“Your beliefs become your thoughts,

Your thoughts become your words,

Your words become your actions,

Your actions become your habits,

Your habits become your values,

Your values become your destiny.”

Gandhiji just used these techniques in his entire life. And Also Martin Luther King Jr. was an angry man. Many other people who were social activists were more than likely to have been angry as they channeled their anger to something good. It was anger and annoyance that made them step up and do what they did.